A file extension (also known as a filename extension) is a suffix that appears at the end of a computer file. It generally has two to four characters and comes after the period. You've obviously seen these letters at the end of your file if you've ever opened a document or looked at a picture.
The operating system uses file extensions to determine which programs are linked with certain file types—in other words, which software launches when you double-click a file.
For example, the “jpg” file extension, applies to a file named “picture.jpg.” When you open the file on Windows, for example, the operating system searches for the JPG-related software, launches it, and loads the file.
Basic File Formats:
1.Picture / Image
2.Video
3.Document
4.Audio
Picture / Image File Format:
Image file formats are a set of standards for organizing
and storing digital pictures. The data in an image file format can be stored in
an uncompressed, compressed, or vector format. Image files are made up of
digital data that has been rasterized for usage on a computer display in one of
these formats.
There are two Types of Image file format
1.Raster image file
Raster pictures are made up of a series of pixels, or separate blocks, that are arranged to make a picture. Raster image extensions include JPEG, GIF, and PNG. A raster image is any image you see on the internet or in print. Pixels have a specific proportion based on their resolution (high or low), and when they are stretched to cover area they were not designed to fill, they distort, resulting in blurry or unclear pictures.
2.Vector image file
Vector images are considerably more adaptable. Rather than pixels, proportionate formulae are used to create them. For graphics that need to be resized often, EPS, AI, and PDF are suitable. Your logo and brand images should have been produced in vector format, and you should keep a master file on hand at all times. The true beauty of vectors is their capacity to be scaled down to the size of a postage stamp or up to the size of an 18-wheeler!
Types of Image Files
JPEG (or JPG) - Joint Photographic Experts Group
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
TIFF - Tagged Image File
PSD - Photoshop Document
PDF - Portable Document Format
EPS - Encapsulated Postscript
AI - Adobe Illustrator Document
INDD - Adobe Indesign Document
RAW - Raw Image Formats
Video File Format
A video file format is a sort of computer file format for storing digital video data.
A video file typically consists of a container (e.g.,
the Matroska format) that holds video data in a video coding format (e.g., VP9)
and audio data in an audio coding format (e.g., MP3) (e.g. Opus).
Synchronization data, subtitles, and metadata like as title can all be stored
in the container. A profile defined by a limitation on which container format
and which video and audio compression codecs are permitted, such as.webm, is a
standardized video file type.
A codec is a programme (or hardware) that can decode
compressed video or audio. The coded video and audio inside a video file
container (i.e. not headers, footers, and metadata) is called the essence.
Codecs were created to make video files easier to
store and distribute. Data is compressed using codecs to make it easier to
store and share. The data is then decoded and decompressed for viewing and
modification. H.264 or AVC are the most used video compression codecs.
MP4
The most popular video file format is MP4 (MPEG-4 Part
14). Most of the devices can play MP4 files as well. YouTube, Facebook,
Twitter, and Instagram videos look elegant in MP4.
MOV
MOV (QuickTime Film) files contain high-resolution
video, audio, and effects, but they can be rather big. MOV files were created
by Apple for QuickTime Player and use MPEG-4 encoding to play with QuickTime
for Windows. MOV is a video format that is supported by Facebook and YouTube,
and it is excellent for watching on television.
WMV (Windows Media Viewer)
WMV (Windows Media Viewer) files, like MOV files, have
high video quality and a big file size. WMV was created by Microsoft for
Windows Media Player. Apple users may see these videos because YouTube supports
WMV, but they must first download Windows Media Player for Apple. Keep in mind
that WMV does not let you to choose your own aspect ratio.
AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
AVI (Audio Video Interleave) works with nearly every
web browser on Windows, Mac and Linux machines. Developed by Microsoft, AVI
offers the highest quality but also large file sizes. It is supported by
YouTube and works well for TV viewing.
MKV
Matroska Multimedia Container is a free and open
source multimedia container format developed in Russia. It can play almost any
codec, although it isn't supported by many programmes. If you plan to watch
your video on a TV or computer with an open-source media player like VLC or
Miro and MKV is a good choice.
WEBM or HTML5
These formats are suitable for displaying videos on
your personal or professional website. Because they're small files, they'll
load quickly and stream smoothly.
MPEG-2
MPEG-2 with an H.262 codec is the way to go if you want to burn your movie to a DVD.
Document File Extensions
DOC
.DOC and.DOCX are two different types of documents.
Microsoft Word documents are saved in the DOCX format. DOCX files are DOC files
that are based on XML. Files are stored in the DOCX format by default in recent
versions of Word.
HTML
.HTML and .HTM are the standard markup language used
when creating web pages. When opened in a text editor, like Sublime, HTML and
HTM files allow HTML code to be edited. When opened in a web browser, the web
page the code creates is presented.
Text and pictures within PDF files are protected,
allowing information to be transferred in an unalterable manner. They're almost
common in that they can be opened on almost any smart device. Unchangeable
watermarks can be added to PDFs to further safeguard original documents.
XLSX
Microsoft Excel's standard file formats are XLSX. XLSX
files, like DOCX files, are used in more recent versions of Excel.
PPTX
Microsoft Excel's standard file formats are PPTX.
TXT
. TXT files are the most fundamental textual file
format. Users may produce text-based documents using TXT files without having
to worry about formatting, font style, or text colour.
Audio File Formats:
Compressed File Format
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